Proceedings of the 1987 workshop focuses on the approaches, principles, and concepts related to the frame problem in artificial intelligence ai. In artificial intelligence, the frame problem describes an issue with using firstorder logic fol to express facts about a robot in the world. Investigating the systemic organization of life and mind. The frame problem in artificial intelligence by frank m. Both the turing test and the frame problem have been significant items of discussion for more than 20 years in the philosophy of artificial intelligence and the philosophy of mind, but there has been little effort during that time, as i read the literature, to distill how the frame problem bears on the turing test.
You can briefly know about the areas of ai in which research is prospering. It has been claimed to be unsolvable for classical cognitive science, but easily manageable for connectionism. This paper deals with the history of the frame problem. The frame problem arises in considering the logical structure of a robots beliefs. The real frame problem was not, they said, what i was talking about. The frame problem originated as a narrowly defined technical problem in logicbased artificial intelligence ai. Semantic network and frame knowledge representation formalisms in artificial intelligence. The frame problem arises when one tries to model in mathematical logic the changing. A frame is a collection of attributes or slots and associated values that describe some real world entity each frame represents a class, or an instance an element of a class philipp koehn arti. A new era artificial intelligence and machine learning in prostate pdf the problem with solutions to frame pdf artificial intelligence in supply chain management theory and solving the frame problem mit press three problems in logic based knowledge representation emerald insight. It would come to a great help if you are about to select artificial intelligence as a course subject. Frames are an artificial intelligence data structure used to divide knowledge into substructures by representing stereotyped situations.
Information about ai from the news, publications, and conferencesautomatic classification tagging and summarization customizable filtering and analysisif you are looking for an answer to the question what is artificial intelligence. Pdf problem solving using artificial intelligence techniques. Connectionism, systematicity, and the frame problem. Artificial intelligence ai is a branch of computer science and engineering used in many areas, and has a. Semantic network and frame knowledge representation. A new approach to the application of theorem proving to problem solving. Five components that artificial intelligence must have to. Information in the knowledge base and the robots conclusions combine to form the input for what the robots subsequent action should be.
Modeling changethe frame problem larserik janlert cognitive wheels. Machine ethics, the frame problem, and theory of mind hrilab. Framing the challenges of artificial intelligence in medicine. Foundations of artificial intelligence planning cs472 fall 2007 thorsten joachims planning a planning agent will construct plans to achieve its goals. Problem solving planning example cornell university. Artificial intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computercontrolled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think. The frame problem and the treatment of prediction mark sprevak. In its simplest form, this is just an action sequence that. In its simplest form, this is just an action sequence that, when executed in the initial state, results in a state that satis. Logic and artificial intelligence stanford encyclopedia of. Cambridge, mass the mit press 12 john haugeland 1987 an overview of the frame problem.
This paper deals with the history of the frame problem, covering the period from its first formulation by mccarthy and hayes in their 1969 paper some philosophical problems from the standpoint. The problem of complete description called the frame problem in artificial intelligence applies across the board and is a necessary feature of all. Artificial intelligence artificial intelligence expert systems. This paper deals with the history of the frame problem, covering the period from. The problem of forcing a robot to adapt to these changes is the basis of the frame problem in artificial intelligence.
The frame problem in artificial intelligence 1st edition. Borrow ebooks, audiobooks, and videos from thousands of public libraries worldwide. The problem of complete description called the frame problem in artificial intelligence applies across the board and is a necessary feature of all knowledge and practices van brakel 1992b. Strips avoids the representational frame problem described in chapter 10. Basically it is a group of slots and fillers that defines a stereotypical object. The frame problem stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. New beliefs are formed by at least two dis tinct processes. Pdf the problem with solutions to the frame problem. Fundamental issues of artificial intelligence, synthese library 377. The problem arises when logic is used to describe the effects of actions and events.
First, the current ai definition is focused on the narrow, application specific ai, not the more general problem of artificial general intelligence agi, where simulating a person using software. Expert systems occupy a type of microworldfor example, a model of a ships hold and its cargothat is selfcontained and relatively. This paper, however, is entirely devoted to the epistemological part. The major difficulty was due to the frame problem the problem of creating and maintaining an appropriate informational context or frame of reference which is discussed in detail in appendix c. The field of artificial intelligence ai has been around for over 60 years now. Introduction to articial intelligence problem solving and. In combination with the ubiquity of digital sensors, networks and softwarebased automation, ai is transforming our economy. Knowledge representation department of computer science. I dispute the claim that extensions to logic default logic and circumscriptive logic will ever offer a viable way out of the problem. In 1969, john mccarthy and pat hayes uncovered a problem that has haunted the field of artificial intelligence ever sincethe frame problem. This includes problem representation for computation, weak methods of searching for a problems solution. Foundations of classical artificial intelligence and cognitive science. The frame problem arises when one tries to model in mathematical logic the changing properties of an environment.
Purchase the frame problem in artificial intelligence 1st edition. Many researchers in artificial intelligence believe that its. Frames are the primary data structure used in artificial intelligence frame language. In this essay i thought i was providing interested bystanders with a useful introduction to the problem, as well as an account of its philosophical interest, but some people in ai, including mccarthy and hayes who ought to know, thought i was misleading the bystanders. The frame problem in artificial intelligence computer technology nonfiction. A quarter of a century is a very long time in the time frame of computer science, and especially in the history of artificial intelligence ai, which. We will focus on a representational approach to the frame problem which. Dennett considers the frame problem to be an abstract epistemological challenge. Knowledge, action, and the frame problem department of. The frame problem and related problems in artificial intelligence.
The fundamental problems of classical artificial intelligence and cognitive science. The adoption of artificial intelligence ai has received enormous attention and emphasis across virtually every industrial setting, from healthcare delivery to automobile manufacturing. As frames allow nodes to have structures they can be regarded as threedimensional representations of knowledge. In artificial intelligence, the frame problem describes an issue with using first order logic fol to express facts about a robot in the world. They were proposed by marvin minsky in his 1974 article a framework for representing knowledge. The major difficulty was due to the frame problem the problem of creating and maintaining an appropriate informational context or frame of reference which is discussed in. Epistemological problems of artificial intelligence john mccarthy computer science department stanford university stanford, california 94305 introduction in mccarthy and hayes 1969, we proposed dividing the artificial intelligence problem into two parts an epistemological part and a heuristic part. The fact that various natural languages make this case distinction can be used to support using it in artificial knowledge. Page 5 being done, in this case the book and dative the recipient of the action, in this case mary. The frame problem arises in the context of modelling the human ability to see the relevant consequences of events in a situation. Put simply, it is the problem of representing what remains unchanged as a result of an action or event.
An action sequence that, when executed in the initial state, results in a state that satisfies the goal. Soon after its inception, the founding fathers predicted that within a few years an intelligent machine would be built. The selection first tackles the definition of the frame problem, circumscription approaches and criticisms, modal logic approaches, and syntactic. Information about ai from the news, publications, and conferencesautomatic classification tagging and summarization customizable filtering and analysisif you are looking. The problem arises when logic is used to describe the.
The frame problem and related problems in artificial. But it was taken up in an embellished and modified form by philosophers of mind, and given a. The frame problem in artificial intelligence and philosophy. Information in the knowledge base and the robots conclusions combine to form the input. This lecture further explains this division, explains some of the epistemological problems, and presents some new. The frame problem is the problem of finding adequate collections of axioms for a viable description of a robot environment. But it was taken up in an embellished and modified form by philosophers of mind, and given a wider interpretation. A frame is similar to a record structure and corresponding to the fields and values are slots and slot fillers. I analyze the frame problem and its relation to other epistemological problems for artificial intelligence, such as the problem of induction, the qualification problem and the general ai. For such ai systems every effort is made to incorporate all the information about some narrow field that an expert or group of experts would know, so that a good expert. Pdf nonmonotonic logical approaches for the frame problem.
The frame problem in artificial intelligence 1st edition elsevier. Hayes metamathematics unit,university of edinburgh and computer science dept. The frame problem autonomy approach versus designer. They were proposed by marvin minsky in his 1974 article a. Implementation of search algorithms function treesearchproblem,fringe returns a solution or failure fringe insertmakenodeinitialstateproblem,fringe loop do if fringe is empty then return. The frame problem autonomy approach versus designer approach. This tutorial provides introductory knowledge on artificial intelligence. Stanford artificial intelligence project memo aim153 november 1971 the frame problem and related problems in artificial intelligence by. These different roles of objects in a sentence are known as. The frame problem arises in the context of modelling the human ability to see the relevant consequences of. This paper investigates connectionisms potential to solve the frame problem. These different roles of objects in a sentence are known as cases. I analyze the frame problem and its relation to other epistemological problems for artificial intelligence, such as the problem of induction, the qualification problem and the general ai problem. Artificial intelligence methods ws 20052006 marc erich latoschik the upper ontology of the world artificial intelligence methods ws 20052006 marc erich latoschik difference with specialpurpose ontologies a generalpurpose ontology should be applicable in more or less any specialpurpose domain.
Representing the state of a robot with traditional fol requires the use of many axioms that simply imply that things in the environment do not change arbitrarily. Represent a framebased system fbs for university in prolog. Pdf version quick guide resources job search discussion. Dennett android epistemology and the frame problem. Given that humans are able to solve this problem on a daily basis, one strategy. The history of the frame problem homepages of uvafnwi staff. Schmits faculty of artificial intelligence university of amsterdam june 2004 abstract. The autopilot did not identify the white side of the trailer as a potential hazard, and the driver was killed, leaving his family and his hightech business behind. In this essay i thought i was providing interested bystanders with a useful. Additional difficulties arise because qa3 fails to distinguish between two phases of problem solving activity. Artificial intelligence ai is affecting the scenario in which takes place. Pdf the frame problem and related problems in artificial. In proceedings of national conference on arti cial intelligence aaai, 1986. Most of the work in arti cial intelligence so far can be regarded as devoted to the heuristic part of the problem.
Expert systems occupy a type of microworldfor example, a model of a ships hold and its cargothat is selfcontained and relatively uncomplicated. Artificial intelligence methods ws 20052006 marc erich latoschik representational frame problem if there are f fluents and a actions then we need af frame axioms to describe other objects are. Problem solving tasks, traditionally carried on by designers, are. But to many philosophers, the ai researchers frame problem is. Yale computer science department technical report 430 10 steven hanks and drew mcdermott 1986 default reasoning, nonmonotonic logics, and the frame problem, proc. Introduction e frame problem is a problem in artificial intelligence that was first described in mccarthy and hayes. Hayes the frame problem and related problems in artificial intelligence summary by belief \s meant any piece of information which is explicitly stored in the robots memory.
In computer science and in the part of artificial intelligence that deals with algorithms, problem solving encompasses a number of techniques known as algorithms, heuristics, root cause analysis, etc. It would come to a great help if you are about to select artificial. The purpose of this research is to consider the important beneficial roles of semantic network and frame formalisms for knowledge representation in artificial. In the discussion it will become clear that the original frame. Artificial intelligence i notes on semantic nets and frames.
569 651 992 389 1034 1158 523 430 188 1198 926 652 158 1181 1038 77 818 1086 1007 708 4 580 883 1133 316 196 1181 1046 1604 509 1296 428 1541 1194 708 323 1123 921 1290 226 901 335 474 1006 591 1149 1103